Main Article Content
Abstract
The article is an analysis of the views of Salafi scholars, exemplified by Muhammad Yusuf and Abubakar Shekau – the two most important leaders of the northern Nigerian organization Boko Haram – on the issue of science, knowledge and education in Islam. The text presents the basics of Salafi doctrine with particular emphasis on secular and religious education. The northern Nigerian school system is described and the reasons for the ambivalent attitude of society towards secular educational institutions are discussed. Based on the publications of Muhammad Yusuf and Abubakar Shekau, their criticism of the curriculum in secular schools is examined. Elements of Boko Haram's terror campaign against the education system in northern Nigeria are also illustrated.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sabina Brakoniecka
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References
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- Afzal, M. (2020). From „Western education is forbidden” to the world’s deadliest terrorist group: education and Boko Haram in Nigeria. Foreign Policy at Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/FP_20200507_nigeria_boko_haram_afzal.pdf
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- Brakoniecka, S. (2018). Boko Haram. Koncepcja reformy islamu w północnej Nigerii. Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa.
- Brakoniecka, S. (2021). The development of Salafism in northern Nigeria. Institute of Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures, Polish Academy of Sciences.
- Comolli, V. (2015). Boko Haram: Nigeria’s Islamist insurgency. Hurst & Company.
- Danecki, J. (1991). Polityczne funkcje islamu. Uniwersytet Warszawski.
- EPDC. (b.d.). EPDC Spotlight on Nigeria. Education Policy and Data Center. https://www.epdc.org/node/5942.html
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- Sule, S. A. (2010). History and development of education in Nigeria (1842-1960). University of Lagos Press.
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- Yusuf, M. (2008, 30 maja). Fassarar littafin „Hazihi aqeedatuna wa minhajji da’awatuna” [Tłumaczenie książki „To jest nasza wiara i program naszej misji”] [video]. Pobrano 14 października 2015 z: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWfWa2rfsKw&index=6&list=PLbai-O5hJvf63GwhGgd8Pn2_mlVwhqe-l ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OFTRSi5Ips
- Yusuf, M. (2009). Hazihi akidatuna wa-minhadż da’watuna [To jest nasza wiara i program naszej misji]. b.n.w.
- Zenn, J. (2024, 30 maja). Three years after death of Shekau, Boko Haram appears to gain on ISWAP under leadership of Bakura. Terrorism Monitor, 22(8). https://jamestown.org/program/brief-three-years-after-death-of-shekau-boko-haram-appears-to-gain-on-iswap-under-leadership-of-bakura/
References
Adamu, A. U. (2013). Insurgency in Nigeria: the northern Nigerian experience. W: O. Obafemi, H. Galadima (red.), Complex insurgencies in Nigeria (s. 77–140). National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies.
Afzal, M. (2020). From „Western education is forbidden” to the world’s deadliest terrorist group: education and Boko Haram in Nigeria. Foreign Policy at Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/FP_20200507_nigeria_boko_haram_afzal.pdf
Bauer, W. (2017). Porwane: Boko Haram i terror w sercu Afryki. Wydawnictwo Czarne.
Brakoniecka, S. (2018). Boko Haram. Koncepcja reformy islamu w północnej Nigerii. Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa.
Brakoniecka, S. (2021). The development of Salafism in northern Nigeria. Institute of Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures, Polish Academy of Sciences.
Comolli, V. (2015). Boko Haram: Nigeria’s Islamist insurgency. Hurst & Company.
Danecki, J. (1991). Polityczne funkcje islamu. Uniwersytet Warszawski.
EPDC. (b.d.). EPDC Spotlight on Nigeria. Education Policy and Data Center. https://www.epdc.org/node/5942.html
GCPEA. (2018). “I will never go back to school”: the impact of attacks on education for Nigerian women and girls. Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack. https://www.right-to-education.org/sites/right-to-education.org/files/resource-attachments/GCPA_attacks_on_nigerian_women_and_girls_2018_ENG.pdf
Ibrahim, A. A., Idris, R. G. (2014, listopad). Islamic education curriculum and its historical evolution in Nigeria: prospects and challenges. Oasis International Conference on Islamic Education at PWTC, Kuala Lumpur. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=8e42d6828dddc0983f03727c745a3529b1a783f6
Koran (t. I i II., J. Bielawski, tłum.). (2009). Faktor.
Lacey, R. (2009). Inside the kingdom: kings, clerics, modernists, terrorists, and the struggle for Saudi Arabia. Penguin Publishing Group.
Meijer, R. (red.). (2013). Global Salafism: Islam’s new religious movement. Oxford University Press.
Mercy Corps. (2016). “Motivations and empty promises”: voices of former Boko Haram combatants and Nigerian youth. https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/Motivations%20and%20Empty%20Promises_Mercy%20Corps_Full%20Report_0.pdf
National Counterterrorism Center. (2022). Foreign terrorist organisations: Boko Haram. Counterterrorism Guide. https://www.dni.gov/nctc/ftos/boko_haram_fto.html
NBS. (2022, 17 listopada). Nigeria launches its most extensive national measure of multidimensional poverty. National Bureau of Statistics. https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/news/78
Newman, P., Newman, R. M. (2020). Hausa dictionary for everyday use. Bayero University Press.
Shekau, A. (2017, 3 września). Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau dares army chief Buratai after ‘dead or alive’ capture deadline. Sahara TV. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =dQd1wMikIIM&t=1924s
Sule, S. A. (2010). History and development of education in Nigeria (1842-1960). University of Lagos Press.
The popular discourses of Salafi radicalism and Salafi counter-radicalism in Nigeria: the case study of Boko Haram. (2012). Journal of Religion in Africa, 42, 118–144. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12341224
UNICEF. (2013). Nigeria: education. https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/education
United Nations. (2017, 1 grudnia). Regular press briefing by the information service. https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/bi-weekly-briefing/2017/12/regular-press-briefing-information-service-5
Wiktorowicz, Q. (2006). Anatomy of the Salafi movement. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 29(3), 207–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100500497004
Yusuf, M. (2008, 30 maja). Fassarar littafin „Hazihi aqeedatuna wa minhajji da’awatuna” [Tłumaczenie książki „To jest nasza wiara i program naszej misji”] [video]. Pobrano 14 października 2015 z: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWfWa2rfsKw&index=6&list=PLbai-O5hJvf63GwhGgd8Pn2_mlVwhqe-l ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OFTRSi5Ips
Yusuf, M. (2009). Hazihi akidatuna wa-minhadż da’watuna [To jest nasza wiara i program naszej misji]. b.n.w.
Zenn, J. (2024, 30 maja). Three years after death of Shekau, Boko Haram appears to gain on ISWAP under leadership of Bakura. Terrorism Monitor, 22(8). https://jamestown.org/program/brief-three-years-after-death-of-shekau-boko-haram-appears-to-gain-on-iswap-under-leadership-of-bakura/