Main Article Content
Abstract
A psychological issue faced by pesantren is the prevalence of bullying among female santri. This study aims to examine the determinants of bullying behavior and the role of pesantren in addressing this issue at the Annuqayah Islamic boarding school. Employing a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach, the researchers utilized observation, interviews, and documentation methods for data collection in the field. The findings reveal several factors contributing to bullying among female santri, including familial influences, prior victimization, peer pressure, and inherent bullying traits. This study demonstrates that pesantren Annuqayah plays a significant role in addressing bullying behawior among female santri by educating both perpetrators and victims of bullying, establishing regulations prohibiting such behavior, administering penalties to offenders, conducting discussions on the dangers of bullying in pesantren, and providing Kiai guidance to foster positive conduct among female santri.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Takdir, Fashatul Mumayyizah, Shaimatul Mubarridah

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References
- Al Ali, N., Qasem, I. O., & Aldwaikat, T. (2025). Examining the Impact of a School-Based Bullying Education Program on Students’ Knowledge of Bullying, Bullying Behavior, and Self-Esteem. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2025.2454997
- Amri, N. (2019). Perilaku Bullying di Pondok Pesantren Studi Fenomenologi Bullying Di Asrama Al Risalah Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Ma’arif Denanyar Jombang. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
- Anggung, M., & Prasetyo, M. (2023). Towards A Bully-Free Pesantren : The Role of Educational Management With Adaptive Psychology and Mental Health Interventions. At-Ta’dib, 1(2), 90–105.
- Chen, J., Xiong, Y., Yang, L., Liang, Y., & Ren, P. (2025). Bullying victimization and self-harm in adolescents: The roles of emotion regulation and bullying peer norms. Child Abuse & Neglect, 160(1), 107199.
- Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I. M., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2025). Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior. Health Education Research, 20(1), 81–91.
- Firdaus, E., Andrikasmi, S., Hermita, N., & Wijaya, T. T. (2025). Investigating factors influencing bullying behavior reduction and gender differences in higher education: A structural equation modeling approach. Acta Psychologica, 253(January), 104–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104747
- Gentile, D. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2012). Reassessing media violence effects using a risk and resilience approach to understanding aggression. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1(3), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028481
- Ilmi, A. F. (2023). Growing The Value of Islamic Religious Education to Prevent Bullying Behavior in Islamic Boarding Schools. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(02), 1391–1404. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v12i02.3988
- Ma`arif, M. A., & Kartiko, A. (2018). Fenomenologi Hukuman di Pesantren : Analisis Tata Tertib Santri Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa Gresik. Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 181–196. https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2018.12.1.1862
- Nashiruddin, A. (2019). Fenomena Bullying Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Hikmah Kajen Pati. Quality, 7(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.21043/quality.v7i2.6295
- Noviyanti, T. R., Oktaviana, R., & Nurhayati, A. (2025). Awakening Anti-Bullying Awareness through the " Find Friends " Game in the Boarding School Environment. 13(1), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.V13.I1SI.2025.114-121
- Nugrohoand, S., & Ainyfardhana, N. (2018). Bullying at Islamic Boarding School: A Pilot Study in Pekanbaru. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119(15), 2095–2100. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16266.77768
- Nurjanah, I., Alfiasari, & Islamiah, N. (2022). The influence of parenting style and empathy on teenager’s bullying behaviour in Islamic Boarding School. Journal of Child, Family, and Consumer Studies, 1(2), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.29244/jcfcs.1.2.120-130
- Nurlelah, & Mukri, S. G. (2019). Dampak Bullying terhadap Kesehatan Mental Santri (Studi Kasus Di Pondok Pesantren Darul Muttaqien Parung). Fikrah: Journal of Islamic Education, 3(1), 72–86.
- Oktaviani, P., Syahid, A., & Moormann, P. P. (2020). Santri’S Emotional Intelligence and Big Five Personalities on Bullying Behaviors in Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v6i2.9916
- Rahmati, A., & Mubarak, F. (2023). Prevention Strategy of Violence in Pesantren. Santri: Journal of Pesantren and Fiqh Social, 4(1), 21–32.
- Ramdani, A., Artayasa, I. P., & Jamaluddin, J. (2021). Bullying Types for Lombok Island Middle School Students and Solutions to Reduce It. Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu Dan Pembelajaran Matematika Dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 9(2), 389. https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v9i2.4404
- Rijal, A. P. (2025). The Role of Character Education in Preventing Bullying Behaviour in Islamic Boarding Schools. DIRASAH, 8(1), 323–336.
- Ru’iya, S. (2019). A Review of Research on Bullying Behavior in Indonesian Islamic Education Institutions: Analysis of Ecological Theory. 370, 61–66. https://doi.org/10.2991/adics-elssh-19.2019.14
- Sakroni. (2025). Bullying in education from the perspective of ecological systems theory: a systematic review literature. Journal of Family Social Work, 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2025.2464961
- Solicha, ., Latifa, R., & Chotimah, S. K. (2020). Resiliencein ‘Adolescent Bullying Victims’: A Case Study in Pesantren. Icri 2018, 1394–1401. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009928313941401
- Sugiono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R & D. Alfabeta.
- Ulum, M. M. (2021). Sirkulasi Sosiologis dan Psikologis dalam Fenomena Bullying di Pesantren. Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Keislaman, 10(2), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v10i2.285
- van Rens, S. M., Lemelin, C., Kloosterman, P. H., Summerfeldt, L. J., & Parker, J. D. A. (2024). Bullying in High School Youth: Relationships with Trait Emotional Intelligence. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 40(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/08295735241311080
- Winarni, I., Lestari, R., Kedokteran, F., & Brawijaya, U. (2018). Eksplorasi Fenomena Korban Bullying Pada Kesehatan Jiwa Remaja Di Pesantren. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan, 4(2), 99–113.
- Zainal, S. (2022). The Impact of Anti-Violence Law on Changes in Santri Organization at Modern Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren). Idarah (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kependidikan), 6(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v6i1.452
References
Al Ali, N., Qasem, I. O., & Aldwaikat, T. (2025). Examining the Impact of a School-Based Bullying Education Program on Students’ Knowledge of Bullying, Bullying Behavior, and Self-Esteem. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2025.2454997
Amri, N. (2019). Perilaku Bullying di Pondok Pesantren Studi Fenomenologi Bullying Di Asrama Al Risalah Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Ma’arif Denanyar Jombang. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Anggung, M., & Prasetyo, M. (2023). Towards A Bully-Free Pesantren : The Role of Educational Management With Adaptive Psychology and Mental Health Interventions. At-Ta’dib, 1(2), 90–105.
Chen, J., Xiong, Y., Yang, L., Liang, Y., & Ren, P. (2025). Bullying victimization and self-harm in adolescents: The roles of emotion regulation and bullying peer norms. Child Abuse & Neglect, 160(1), 107199.
Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I. M., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2025). Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior. Health Education Research, 20(1), 81–91.
Firdaus, E., Andrikasmi, S., Hermita, N., & Wijaya, T. T. (2025). Investigating factors influencing bullying behavior reduction and gender differences in higher education: A structural equation modeling approach. Acta Psychologica, 253(January), 104–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104747
Gentile, D. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2012). Reassessing media violence effects using a risk and resilience approach to understanding aggression. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1(3), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028481
Ilmi, A. F. (2023). Growing The Value of Islamic Religious Education to Prevent Bullying Behavior in Islamic Boarding Schools. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(02), 1391–1404. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v12i02.3988
Ma`arif, M. A., & Kartiko, A. (2018). Fenomenologi Hukuman di Pesantren : Analisis Tata Tertib Santri Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa Gresik. Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 181–196. https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2018.12.1.1862
Nashiruddin, A. (2019). Fenomena Bullying Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Hikmah Kajen Pati. Quality, 7(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.21043/quality.v7i2.6295
Noviyanti, T. R., Oktaviana, R., & Nurhayati, A. (2025). Awakening Anti-Bullying Awareness through the " Find Friends " Game in the Boarding School Environment. 13(1), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.V13.I1SI.2025.114-121
Nugrohoand, S., & Ainyfardhana, N. (2018). Bullying at Islamic Boarding School: A Pilot Study in Pekanbaru. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119(15), 2095–2100. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16266.77768
Nurjanah, I., Alfiasari, & Islamiah, N. (2022). The influence of parenting style and empathy on teenager’s bullying behaviour in Islamic Boarding School. Journal of Child, Family, and Consumer Studies, 1(2), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.29244/jcfcs.1.2.120-130
Nurlelah, & Mukri, S. G. (2019). Dampak Bullying terhadap Kesehatan Mental Santri (Studi Kasus Di Pondok Pesantren Darul Muttaqien Parung). Fikrah: Journal of Islamic Education, 3(1), 72–86.
Oktaviani, P., Syahid, A., & Moormann, P. P. (2020). Santri’S Emotional Intelligence and Big Five Personalities on Bullying Behaviors in Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v6i2.9916
Rahmati, A., & Mubarak, F. (2023). Prevention Strategy of Violence in Pesantren. Santri: Journal of Pesantren and Fiqh Social, 4(1), 21–32.
Ramdani, A., Artayasa, I. P., & Jamaluddin, J. (2021). Bullying Types for Lombok Island Middle School Students and Solutions to Reduce It. Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu Dan Pembelajaran Matematika Dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 9(2), 389. https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v9i2.4404
Rijal, A. P. (2025). The Role of Character Education in Preventing Bullying Behaviour in Islamic Boarding Schools. DIRASAH, 8(1), 323–336.
Ru’iya, S. (2019). A Review of Research on Bullying Behavior in Indonesian Islamic Education Institutions: Analysis of Ecological Theory. 370, 61–66. https://doi.org/10.2991/adics-elssh-19.2019.14
Sakroni. (2025). Bullying in education from the perspective of ecological systems theory: a systematic review literature. Journal of Family Social Work, 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2025.2464961
Solicha, ., Latifa, R., & Chotimah, S. K. (2020). Resiliencein ‘Adolescent Bullying Victims’: A Case Study in Pesantren. Icri 2018, 1394–1401. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009928313941401
Sugiono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R & D. Alfabeta.
Ulum, M. M. (2021). Sirkulasi Sosiologis dan Psikologis dalam Fenomena Bullying di Pesantren. Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Keislaman, 10(2), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v10i2.285
van Rens, S. M., Lemelin, C., Kloosterman, P. H., Summerfeldt, L. J., & Parker, J. D. A. (2024). Bullying in High School Youth: Relationships with Trait Emotional Intelligence. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 40(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/08295735241311080
Winarni, I., Lestari, R., Kedokteran, F., & Brawijaya, U. (2018). Eksplorasi Fenomena Korban Bullying Pada Kesehatan Jiwa Remaja Di Pesantren. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan, 4(2), 99–113.
Zainal, S. (2022). The Impact of Anti-Violence Law on Changes in Santri Organization at Modern Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren). Idarah (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kependidikan), 6(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v6i1.452